Law enforcement and corrections can be influenced by several external threats. These consist of external communication gaps and many environmental influences. One of the key external threats that impacts both corrections and law enforcement is politics. In delineation, politics is the art of wielding one's authority and power over the government or public affairs. In particular, political action can give rise to the imposition of one's interests within the government, in positions of leadership within the government, with regard to the control over resources, as well as in terms of holding government office. Politics influence law enforcement and corrections by impacting the individuals that will hold different positions in criminal justice, for instance the police, judges, prosecutors as well as correctional executives. Law enforcement, administration, and corrections are linked with politics on various extents and levels. Prevailing political philosophy and ideology influence the structure, organization, as well as anticipation of a society's criminal justice organization. As a result, these institutions impact the manners in which criminal law is implemented and administered and corrections put into place (Law Library, 2017).Police agencies are part and parcel of the law enforcement. In a police agency undertakes its law enforcing operations in a political system that is corrupt, then it becomes just about unmanageable to eradicate and abolish the corruption within the police agency. In particular, it has been acknowledged that taking into consideration that police departments are the enforcement arm of government, the correlation between the police department and the administering executive branch of government have to sustain poise of balance of political accountability and operational autonomy. For this reason, police reform has laid emphasis on eradicating and or at least curtailing the impact that politicians have over police organizations. Nonetheless, the disjointed or devolved model of policing in the United States of America lays emphasis on the local qualms and local control of the police. Whereas the epoch of reform of policing supplanted the political support system with the civil service and distinction systems, the disjointed nature of policing does not permit for total eradication of political impact over the police. Moreover, combating of crime and the prevailing community policing model have been prevalent abuses by politicians (Law Library, 2017). Needless and pointless political wrangling...

Moreover, severe issues for the general public together with the criminal justice system can emanate from involving politics in criminal justice, a process in which political leaders seize prospects to employ criminal justice issues to augment their individual power, obtain elective positions and also increase their level of popularity.
Week 3 Discussion

The state in consideration is the State of New York. One of the dominant cultures of the state correction facilities and institutions in this state is that of violence. According to Rose, juvenile detainees in these institutions are subjected to routine violence not only by other inmates but also by correction officers within the institutions. For instance, statistics indicate that in 2014, more than 40% of these juvenile detainees were subjected to the use of force by institutional guards at least once, and were in need of medical assistance for a significant figure of 450 times (Rose, 2014). In addition, according to a report from the New York Times (2015), the similar culture of violence has infested and spread in the state prison system, where guards beat inmates for sport with the knowledge and understanding that they will be protected by their union and therefore have job safety at the end of the day.

There are recommendations made for institutional culture changes that can be implemented in the State of New York. One of the key aspects encompasses the integration of the vision, mission and values of the institution into every day operations. Since the values of the institutions are to provide safety for all inmates and proper correction and rehabilitation, this should be inculcated into daily operations of the organization. Another aspect to have the management operating as a team. This way, they will be able to build each other's strong suits, having honest perspectives and also challenging each other to attain the best outcomes. In addition, the management together with other independent organizations should ensure that the institutions and their officers adhere to policies and procedures put in place and that there is constrictive questioning and criticisms (Flaherty-Zonis, 2009).

Week 4 Discussion

Different police departments try to engage and foster their community and one way of doing…